English Court of Star Chamber A Brief History

The Court of Star Chamber, known simply as the Star Chamber, was a supplement to common-law courts in England. The Star Chamber drew its authority from the kings sovereign power and privileges and was not bound by the common law. The Star Chamber was so named for the star pattern on the ceiling of the room where its meetings were held, at Westminster Palace. Origins of the Star Chamber: The Star Chamber evolved from the medieval kings council. There had long been a tradition of the king presiding over a court composed of his privy councilors; however, in 1487, under the supervision of Henry VII, the Court of Star Chamber was established as a judicial body separate from the kings council. The Purpose of the Star Chamber: To oversee the operations of lower courts and to hear cases on direct appeal. The court as structured under Henry VII had a mandate to hear petitions for redress. Although initially the court only heard cases on appeal, Henry VIIIs chancellor Thomas Wolsey and, later, Thomas Cranmer encouraged suitors to appeal to it straight away, and not wait until the case had been heard in the common-law courts. Types of Cases Dealt Within the Star Chamber: The bulk of the cases heard by the Court of Star Chamber involved property rights, trade, government administration and public corruption. The Tudors were also concerned with matters of public disorder. Wolsey used the court to prosecute forgery, fraud, perjury, riot, slander, and pretty much any action that could be considered a breach of the peace. After the Reformation, the Star Chamber was used -- and misused -- to inflict punishment on religious dissenters. Procedures of the Star Chamber: A case would begin with a petition or with information brought to the attention of the judges. Depositions would be taken to discover the facts. Accused parties could be put on oath to respond to the charges and answer detailed questions. No juries were used; members of the court decided whether to hear cases, passed verdicts and assigned punishments. Punishments Ordered by the Star Chamber: The choice of punishment was arbitrary -- that is, not dictated by guidelines or laws. Judges could choose the punishment they felt was most appropriate to the crime or criminal. The punishments allowed were: FineTime in the pillory (or stocks)WhippingBrandingMutilationImprisonment Judges of the Star Chamber were not permitted to impose a sentence of death. Advantages of the Star Chamber: The Star Chamber offered an expeditious resolution to legal conflicts. It was popular during the reigns of the Tudor kings, because it was able to enforce the law when other courts were plagued by corruption, and because it could offer satisfactory remedies when the common law restricted punishment or failed to address specific infractions. Under the Tudors, Star Chamber hearings were public matters, so proceedings and verdicts were subject to inspection and ridicule, which led most judges to act with reason and justice. Disadvantages of the Star Chamber: The concentration of such power in an autonomous group, not subject to the checks and balances of common law, made abuses not only possible but likely, especially when its proceedings were not open to the public. Although the death sentence was forbidden, there were no restrictions on imprisonment, and an innocent man could spend his life in jail. The End of the Star Chamber: In the 17th century, the proceedings of the Star Chamber evolved from above-board and fairly just too secretive and corrupt. James I and his son, Charles I, used the court to enforce their royal proclamations, holding sessions in secret and allowing no appeal. Charles used the court as a substitute for Parliament when he tried to govern without calling the legislature into session. Resentment grew as the Stuart kings used the court to prosecute nobility, who would otherwise not be subject to prosecution in common-law courts. The Long Parliament abolished the Star Chamber in 1641. Star Chamber Associations: The term Star Chamber has come to symbolize the misuse of authority and corrupt legal proceedings. It is sometimes condemned as medieval (usually by people who know next to nothing about the Middle Ages and use the term as an insult), but its interesting to note that the court was not established as an autonomous legal institution until the reign of Henry VII, whose accession is sometimes considered to mark the end of the Middle Ages in Britain, and that the worst abuses of the system occurred 150 years after that.

Critique On Kerzner Office Equipment - 1270 Words

Introduction Answers to the four questions in the case study on Kerzner Office Equipment rely on the references cited for substantiation. In addition, repeated corporate training and prior personal experience in situational leadership informs the answer to Question 2. 1. Critique Critique Brigg’s management of the first meeting. What, if anything, should she have done differently? This project could have been kicked off with a bang. Amber Briggs could have focused on five areas to improve her kick-off meeting. By not conducting research on similar projects, to lack of involvement by senior management at the meeting, to the location selected for the kick-off meeting, to delivering too much information about budgeting, and finally, failing to create and send a formal agenda prior to the meeting, Amber Briggs is now struggling for a whimper. First, by not conducting research before the kick-off meeting, or creating a project charter for stakeholders to sign, Ms. Briggs failed to gather all the information necessary for the meeting. She also will not have the benefit of lessons learned from similar projects (Dow and Taylor, p. 112). The case study reveals little effort on anyone’s part to setting up a repository for project documentation. Instead, Ms. Briggs intends to learn new software that may have some benefit for scheduling. Second, Ms. Briggs and the project owner, David Brown, should have made a joint presentation at the first meeting. The appearance (and a fewShow MoreRelatedTotal Quality Management (Tqm) in Hospitality Industry: a Study of the Application of Tqm in  a Hotels  Engineering Department and Its  Effects on  Hotel Performance18578 Words   |  75 Pageshotels, were interviewed. This research revealed that the major role of the engineering department is to ensure the efficient operation of all physical plants including electrical, mechanical, fire, hygiene and safety systems as well as production equipment; it plays a key role in providing a comfortable and safe environment for occupants including guests and staff. Comfort and safety are the essential factors in the decision making when people select hotels; therefore, the effectiveness of engineeringRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesskills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure [9.1.3] 9.1.1 Organization charts 1.4.4 Project offices Chapter 4 9.2 Building the team (.1.3) [3.5.3] [App G.2 Building teams] 9.4 Managing the team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards

Treatment in a Correctional Setting

Question: Describe about the Treatment in a Correctional Setting? Answer: The model used both in United States and Europe works in improving the behavior of the people or criminals so that they can realize their mistakes and be a better person. Both the model falls under correctional institution so that discipline and order can be maintained in the society. On the other hand, the custodial model and rehabilitation models are enforced to bring law and regulation in the society and the environment of the nation do not get disturbed and ethical nature are followed by each and everyone (D.umn.edu, 2015). Apart from the similarity, both the models are also different in one or other way. The major purpose of the custodial model is to have control over illegal activities and focus on maintain order and security in the society. Further its goal is to provide punishment to the criminals so that they do not conduct any crime in the future (Hodgson, 2013). On the other hand, the custodial model makes sure that the life of criminals are made unpleasant so that they ne ed to think thrice or more before committing any new illegal activity. Apart from that, the rehabilitation model deals with the act of rehabilitate that is providing normal life and restore health so that they can live effective life after imprisonment. Moreover, the people are provided training and therapy so that they do not fall into any addiction or crime (Law.jrank.org, 2015). Therefore, the purpose of this model is to redevelop, restore and convert the criminals to become better person. On the other hand, the rehabilitation model focus on the reason behind the crime committed by the people and treating them to not fall into further crime by providing training and coaching. Further, the criminals are allowed to have a contact and communication with other people which is not possible under custodial model (Apa.org, 2015). If the selection is to be made between custodial model and rehabilitation model then the rehabilitation model will be selected. The rehabilitation provide a second chance to the criminal to be a better person and work for the society and also it helps in changing the behavior which is not possible in custodial model (McCarthy, 2012). For instance in order to sort the issue of reoffending and reconviction, the government of UK has focused on implementation of rehabilitation programmes so that the criminal do not conduct any false activities in future. Therefore, custodial model may not be that effective as the strict supervisor and treatment is done on the criminals (Apa.org, 2015). If the question of adopting both the model in UK and US arises then yes both model can be followed. For instance, if the person conducts rape again and again the person has to be taken under custodial model so that the person never thinks of doing rape in future. On the other hand, if the person is falling into drug addiction and buys or supply the drug on regular basis then the person has to be taken under rehabilitation model so that better treatment and training can be provided to overcome the issues of drug (Pitsela Antonopoulou, 2012). References D.umn.edu,. (2015). Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation: Policy, Practice, and Prospects. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.d.umn.edu/~jmaahs/Correctional%20Assessment/cullen%20and%20gendreau_CJ2000.pdf Hodgson, J. (2013). Making custodial legal advice more effective in France. Criminal Justice Matters, 92(1), 14-15. doi:10.1080/09627251.2013.805366 https://www.apa.org,. (2015). Rehabilitate or punish?. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug03/rehab.aspx Law.jrank.org,. (2015). Rehabilitation - What Is Rehabilitation?. Retrieved 12 February 2015, from https://law.jrank.org/pages/1933/Rehabilitation-What-rehabilitation.html McCarthy, E. (2012). Custodial Competition Benefits Advisers. CFA Magazine, 23(3), 42-43. doi:10.2469/cfm.v23.n3.24 Pitsela, A., Antonopoulou, A. (2012). Irregular Migrants under Criminal Sanctions: Rehabilitation and After-Care Perspectives in Greece. European Journal Of Probation, 4(3), 37-53. doi:10.1177/206622031200400304